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* Explain HD Wallets..
*
* @_subsection: api/wallet:HD Wallets [hd-wallets]
*/
import { computeHmac, randomBytes, ripemd160, SigningKey, sha256 } from "../crypto/index.js";
import { VoidSigner } from "../providers/index.js";
import { computeAddress } from "../transaction/index.js";
import {
concat, dataSlice, decodeBase58, defineProperties, encodeBase58,
getBytes, hexlify, isBytesLike,
getNumber, toBeArray, toBigInt, toBeHex,
assertPrivate, assert, assertArgument
} from "../utils/index.js";
import { LangEn } from "../wordlists/lang-en.js";
import { BaseWallet } from "./base-wallet.js";
import { Mnemonic } from "./mnemonic.js";
import {
encryptKeystoreJson, encryptKeystoreJsonSync,
} from "./json-keystore.js";
import type { ProgressCallback } from "../crypto/index.js";
import type { Provider } from "../providers/index.js";
import type { BytesLike, Numeric } from "../utils/index.js";
import type { Wordlist } from "../wordlists/index.js";
import type { KeystoreAccount } from "./json-keystore.js";
/**
* The default derivation path for Ethereum HD Nodes. (i.e. ``"m/44'/60'/0'/0/0"``)
*/
export const defaultPath: string = "m/44'/60'/0'/0/0";
// "Bitcoin seed"
const MasterSecret = new Uint8Array([ 66, 105, 116, 99, 111, 105, 110, 32, 115, 101, 101, 100 ]);
const HardenedBit = 0x80000000;
const N = BigInt("0xfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffebaaedce6af48a03bbfd25e8cd0364141");
const Nibbles = "0123456789abcdef";
function zpad(value: number, length: number): string {
let result = "";
while (value) {
result = Nibbles[value % 16] + result;
value = Math.trunc(value / 16);
}
while (result.length < length * 2) { result = "0" + result; }
return "0x" + result;
}
function encodeBase58Check(_value: BytesLike): string {
const value = getBytes(_value);
const check = dataSlice(sha256(sha256(value)), 0, 4);
const bytes = concat([ value, check ]);
return encodeBase58(bytes);
}
const _guard = { };
function ser_I(index: number, chainCode: string, publicKey: string, privateKey: null | string): { IL: Uint8Array, IR: Uint8Array } {
const data = new Uint8Array(37);
if (index & HardenedBit) {
assert(privateKey != null, "cannot derive child of neutered node", "UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION", {
operation: "deriveChild"
});
// Data = 0x00 || ser_256(k_par)
data.set(getBytes(privateKey), 1);
} else {
// Data = ser_p(point(k_par))
data.set(getBytes(publicKey));
}
// Data += ser_32(i)
for (let i = 24; i >= 0; i -= 8) { data[33 + (i >> 3)] = ((index >> (24 - i)) & 0xff); }
const I = getBytes(computeHmac("sha512", chainCode, data));
return { IL: I.slice(0, 32), IR: I.slice(32) };
}
type HDNodeLike<T> = { depth: number, deriveChild: (i: number) => T };
function derivePath<T extends HDNodeLike<T>>(node: T, path: string): T {
const components = path.split("/");
assertArgument(components.length > 0, "invalid path", "path", path);
if (components[0] === "m") {
assertArgument(node.depth === 0, `cannot derive root path (i.e. path starting with "m/") for a node at non-zero depth ${ node.depth }`, "path", path);
components.shift();
}
let result: T = node;
for (let i = 0; i < components.length; i++) {
const component = components[i];
if (component.match(/^[0-9]+'$/)) {
const index = parseInt(component.substring(0, component.length - 1));
assertArgument(index < HardenedBit, "invalid path index", `path[${ i }]`, component);
result = result.deriveChild(HardenedBit + index);
} else if (component.match(/^[0-9]+$/)) {
const index = parseInt(component);
assertArgument(index < HardenedBit, "invalid path index", `path[${ i }]`, component);
result = result.deriveChild(index);
} else {
assertArgument(false, "invalid path component", `path[${ i }]`, component);
}
}
return result;
}
/**
* An **HDNodeWallet** is a [[Signer]] backed by the private key derived
* from an HD Node using the [[link-bip-32]] stantard.
*
* An HD Node forms a hierarchal structure with each HD Node having a
* private key and the ability to derive child HD Nodes, defined by
* a path indicating the index of each child.
*/
export class HDNodeWallet extends BaseWallet {
/**
* The compressed public key.
*/
readonly publicKey!: string;
/**
* The fingerprint.
*
* A fingerprint allows quick qay to detect parent and child nodes,
* but developers should be prepared to deal with collisions as it
* is only 4 bytes.
*/
readonly fingerprint!: string;
/**
* The parent fingerprint.
*/
readonly parentFingerprint!: string;
/**
* The mnemonic used to create this HD Node, if available.
*
* Sources such as extended keys do not encode the mnemonic, in
* which case this will be ``null``.
*/
readonly mnemonic!: null | Mnemonic;
/**
* The chaincode, which is effectively a public key used
* to derive children.
*/
readonly chainCode!: string;
/**
* The derivation path of this wallet.
*
* Since extended keys do not provide full path details, this
* may be ``null``, if instantiated from a source that does not
* encode it.
*/
readonly path!: null | string;
/**
* The child index of this wallet. Values over ``2 *\* 31`` indicate
* the node is hardened.
*/
readonly index!: number;
/**
* The depth of this wallet, which is the number of components
* in its path.
*/
readonly depth!: number;
/**
* @private
*/
constructor(guard: any, signingKey: SigningKey, parentFingerprint: string, chainCode: string, path: null | string, index: number, depth: number, mnemonic: null | Mnemonic, provider: null | Provider) {
super(signingKey, provider);
assertPrivate(guard, _guard, "HDNodeWallet");
defineProperties<HDNodeWallet>(this, { publicKey: signingKey.compressedPublicKey });
const fingerprint = dataSlice(ripemd160(sha256(this.publicKey)), 0, 4);
defineProperties<HDNodeWallet>(this, {
parentFingerprint, fingerprint,
chainCode, path, index, depth
});
defineProperties<HDNodeWallet>(this, { mnemonic });
}
connect(provider: null | Provider): HDNodeWallet {
return new HDNodeWallet(_guard, this.signingKey, this.parentFingerprint,
this.chainCode, this.path, this.index, this.depth, this.mnemonic, provider);
}
#account(): KeystoreAccount {
const account: KeystoreAccount = { address: this.address, privateKey: this.privateKey };
const m = this.mnemonic;
if (this.path && m && m.wordlist.locale === "en" && m.password === "") {
account.mnemonic = {
path: this.path,
locale: "en",
entropy: m.entropy
};
}
return account;
}
/**
* Resolves to a [JSON Keystore Wallet](json-wallets) encrypted with
* %%password%%.
*
* If %%progressCallback%% is specified, it will receive periodic
* updates as the encryption process progreses.
*/
async encrypt(password: Uint8Array | string, progressCallback?: ProgressCallback): Promise<string> {
return await encryptKeystoreJson(this.#account(), password, { progressCallback });
}
/**
* Returns a [JSON Keystore Wallet](json-wallets) encryped with
* %%password%%.
*
* It is preferred to use the [async version](encrypt) instead,
* which allows a [[ProgressCallback]] to keep the user informed.
*
* This method will block the event loop (freezing all UI) until
* it is complete, which may be a non-trivial duration.
*/
encryptSync(password: Uint8Array | string): string {
return encryptKeystoreJsonSync(this.#account(), password);
}
/**
* The extended key.
*
* This key will begin with the prefix ``xpriv`` and can be used to
* reconstruct this HD Node to derive its children.
*/
get extendedKey(): string {
// We only support the mainnet values for now, but if anyone needs
// testnet values, let me know. I believe current sentiment is that
// we should always use mainnet, and use BIP-44 to derive the network
// - Mainnet: public=0x0488B21E, private=0x0488ADE4
// - Testnet: public=0x043587CF, private=0x04358394
assert(this.depth < 256, "Depth too deep", "UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION", { operation: "extendedKey" });
return encodeBase58Check(concat([
"0x0488ADE4", zpad(this.depth, 1), this.parentFingerprint,
zpad(this.index, 4), this.chainCode,
concat([ "0x00", this.privateKey ])
]));
}
/**
* Returns true if this wallet has a path, providing a Type Guard
* that the path is non-null.
*/
hasPath(): this is { path: string } { return (this.path != null); }
/**
* Returns a neutered HD Node, which removes the private details
* of an HD Node.
*
* A neutered node has no private key, but can be used to derive
* child addresses and other public data about the HD Node.
*/
neuter(): HDNodeVoidWallet {
return new HDNodeVoidWallet(_guard, this.address, this.publicKey,
this.parentFingerprint, this.chainCode, this.path, this.index,
this.depth, this.provider);
}
/**
* Return the child for %%index%%.
*/
deriveChild(_index: Numeric): HDNodeWallet {
const index = getNumber(_index, "index");
assertArgument(index <= 0xffffffff, "invalid index", "index", index);
// Base path
let path = this.path;
if (path) {
path += "/" + (index & ~HardenedBit);
if (index & HardenedBit) { path += "'"; }
}
const { IR, IL } = ser_I(index, this.chainCode, this.publicKey, this.privateKey);
const ki = new SigningKey(toBeHex((toBigInt(IL) + BigInt(this.privateKey)) % N, 32));
return new HDNodeWallet(_guard, ki, this.fingerprint, hexlify(IR),
path, index, this.depth + 1, this.mnemonic, this.provider);
}
/**
* Return the HDNode for %%path%% from this node.
*/
derivePath(path: string): HDNodeWallet {
return derivePath<HDNodeWallet>(this, path);
}
static #fromSeed(_seed: BytesLike, mnemonic: null | Mnemonic): HDNodeWallet {
assertArgument(isBytesLike(_seed), "invalid seed", "seed", "[REDACTED]");
const seed = getBytes(_seed, "seed");
assertArgument(seed.length >= 16 && seed.length <= 64 , "invalid seed", "seed", "[REDACTED]");
const I = getBytes(computeHmac("sha512", MasterSecret, seed));
const signingKey = new SigningKey(hexlify(I.slice(0, 32)));
return new HDNodeWallet(_guard, signingKey, "0x00000000", hexlify(I.slice(32)),
"m", 0, 0, mnemonic, null);
}
/**
* Creates a new HD Node from %%extendedKey%%.
*
* If the %%extendedKey%% will either have a prefix or ``xpub`` or
* ``xpriv``, returning a neutered HD Node ([[HDNodeVoidWallet]])
* or full HD Node ([[HDNodeWallet) respectively.
*/
static fromExtendedKey(extendedKey: string): HDNodeWallet | HDNodeVoidWallet {
const bytes = toBeArray(decodeBase58(extendedKey)); // @TODO: redact
assertArgument(bytes.length === 82 || encodeBase58Check(bytes.slice(0, 78)) === extendedKey,
"invalid extended key", "extendedKey", "[ REDACTED ]");
const depth = bytes[4];
const parentFingerprint = hexlify(bytes.slice(5, 9));
const index = parseInt(hexlify(bytes.slice(9, 13)).substring(2), 16);
const chainCode = hexlify(bytes.slice(13, 45));
const key = bytes.slice(45, 78);
switch (hexlify(bytes.slice(0, 4))) {
// Public Key
case "0x0488b21e": case "0x043587cf": {
const publicKey = hexlify(key);
return new HDNodeVoidWallet(_guard, computeAddress(publicKey), publicKey,
parentFingerprint, chainCode, null, index, depth, null);
}
// Private Key
case "0x0488ade4": case "0x04358394 ":
if (key[0] !== 0) { break; }
return new HDNodeWallet(_guard, new SigningKey(key.slice(1)),
parentFingerprint, chainCode, null, index, depth, null, null);
}
assertArgument(false, "invalid extended key prefix", "extendedKey", "[ REDACTED ]");
}
/**
* Creates a new random HDNode.
*/
static createRandom(password?: string, path?: string, wordlist?: Wordlist): HDNodeWallet {
if (password == null) { password = ""; }
if (path == null) { path = defaultPath; }
if (wordlist == null) { wordlist = LangEn.wordlist(); }
const mnemonic = Mnemonic.fromEntropy(randomBytes(16), password, wordlist)
return HDNodeWallet.#fromSeed(mnemonic.computeSeed(), mnemonic).derivePath(path);
}
/**
* Create an HD Node from %%mnemonic%%.
*/
static fromMnemonic(mnemonic: Mnemonic, path?: string): HDNodeWallet {
if (!path) { path = defaultPath; }
return HDNodeWallet.#fromSeed(mnemonic.computeSeed(), mnemonic).derivePath(path);
}
/**
* Creates an HD Node from a mnemonic %%phrase%%.
*/
static fromPhrase(phrase: string, password?: string, path?: string, wordlist?: Wordlist): HDNodeWallet {
if (password == null) { password = ""; }
if (path == null) { path = defaultPath; }
if (wordlist == null) { wordlist = LangEn.wordlist(); }
const mnemonic = Mnemonic.fromPhrase(phrase, password, wordlist)
return HDNodeWallet.#fromSeed(mnemonic.computeSeed(), mnemonic).derivePath(path);
}
/**
* Creates an HD Node from a %%seed%%.
*/
static fromSeed(seed: BytesLike): HDNodeWallet {
return HDNodeWallet.#fromSeed(seed, null);
}
}
/**
* A **HDNodeVoidWallet** cannot sign, but provides access to
* the children nodes of a [[link-bip-32]] HD wallet addresses.
*
* The can be created by using an extended ``xpub`` key to
* [[HDNodeWallet_fromExtendedKey]] or by
* [nuetering](HDNodeWallet-neuter) a [[HDNodeWallet]].
*/
export class HDNodeVoidWallet extends VoidSigner {
/**
* The compressed public key.
*/
readonly publicKey!: string;
/**
* The fingerprint.
*
* A fingerprint allows quick qay to detect parent and child nodes,
* but developers should be prepared to deal with collisions as it
* is only 4 bytes.
*/
readonly fingerprint!: string;
/**
* The parent node fingerprint.
*/
readonly parentFingerprint!: string;
/**
* The chaincode, which is effectively a public key used
* to derive children.
*/
readonly chainCode!: string;
/**
* The derivation path of this wallet.
*
* Since extended keys do not provider full path details, this
* may be ``null``, if instantiated from a source that does not
* enocde it.
*/
readonly path!: null | string;
/**
* The child index of this wallet. Values over ``2 *\* 31`` indicate
* the node is hardened.
*/
readonly index!: number;
/**
* The depth of this wallet, which is the number of components
* in its path.
*/
readonly depth!: number;
/**
* @private
*/
constructor(guard: any, address: string, publicKey: string, parentFingerprint: string, chainCode: string, path: null | string, index: number, depth: number, provider: null | Provider) {
super(address, provider);
assertPrivate(guard, _guard, "HDNodeVoidWallet");
defineProperties<HDNodeVoidWallet>(this, { publicKey });
const fingerprint = dataSlice(ripemd160(sha256(publicKey)), 0, 4);
defineProperties<HDNodeVoidWallet>(this, {
publicKey, fingerprint, parentFingerprint, chainCode, path, index, depth
});
}
connect(provider: null | Provider): HDNodeVoidWallet {
return new HDNodeVoidWallet(_guard, this.address, this.publicKey,
this.parentFingerprint, this.chainCode, this.path, this.index, this.depth, provider);
}
/**
* The extended key.
*
* This key will begin with the prefix ``xpub`` and can be used to
* reconstruct this neutered key to derive its children addresses.
*/
get extendedKey(): string {
// We only support the mainnet values for now, but if anyone needs
// testnet values, let me know. I believe current sentiment is that
// we should always use mainnet, and use BIP-44 to derive the network
// - Mainnet: public=0x0488B21E, private=0x0488ADE4
// - Testnet: public=0x043587CF, private=0x04358394
assert(this.depth < 256, "Depth too deep", "UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION", { operation: "extendedKey" });
return encodeBase58Check(concat([
"0x0488B21E",
zpad(this.depth, 1),
this.parentFingerprint,
zpad(this.index, 4),
this.chainCode,
this.publicKey,
]));
}
/**
* Returns true if this wallet has a path, providing a Type Guard
* that the path is non-null.
*/
hasPath(): this is { path: string } { return (this.path != null); }
/**
* Return the child for %%index%%.
*/
deriveChild(_index: Numeric): HDNodeVoidWallet {
const index = getNumber(_index, "index");
assertArgument(index <= 0xffffffff, "invalid index", "index", index);
// Base path
let path = this.path;
if (path) {
path += "/" + (index & ~HardenedBit);
if (index & HardenedBit) { path += "'"; }
}
const { IR, IL } = ser_I(index, this.chainCode, this.publicKey, null);
const Ki = SigningKey.addPoints(IL, this.publicKey, true);
const address = computeAddress(Ki);
return new HDNodeVoidWallet(_guard, address, Ki, this.fingerprint, hexlify(IR),
path, index, this.depth + 1, this.provider);
}
/**
* Return the signer for %%path%% from this node.
*/
derivePath(path: string): HDNodeVoidWallet {
return derivePath<HDNodeVoidWallet>(this, path);
}
}
/*
export class HDNodeWalletManager {
#root: HDNodeWallet;
constructor(phrase: string, password?: null | string, path?: null | string, locale?: null | Wordlist) {
if (password == null) { password = ""; }
if (path == null) { path = "m/44'/60'/0'/0"; }
if (locale == null) { locale = LangEn.wordlist(); }
this.#root = HDNodeWallet.fromPhrase(phrase, password, path, locale);
}
getSigner(index?: number): HDNodeWallet {
return this.#root.deriveChild((index == null) ? 0: index);
}
}
*/
/**
* Returns the [[link-bip-32]] path for the account at %%index%%.
*
* This is the pattern used by wallets like Ledger.
*
* There is also an [alternate pattern](getIndexedAccountPath) used by
* some software.
*/
export function getAccountPath(_index: Numeric): string {
const index = getNumber(_index, "index");
assertArgument(index >= 0 && index < HardenedBit, "invalid account index", "index", index);
return `m/44'/60'/${ index }'/0/0`;
}
/**
* Returns the path using an alternative pattern for deriving accounts,
* at %%index%%.
*
* This derivation path uses the //index// component rather than the
* //account// component to derive sequential accounts.
*
* This is the pattern used by wallets like MetaMask.
*/
export function getIndexedAccountPath(_index: Numeric): string {
const index = getNumber(_index, "index");
assertArgument(index >= 0 && index < HardenedBit, "invalid account index", "index", index);
return `m/44'/60'/0'/0/${ index}`;
}
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